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What is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a formal language that is used to write instructions that can be executed by a computer. These instructions, known as code, are written in a specific syntax that follows certain rules and conventions. This allows computers to understand and execute the instructions in a consistent and predictable manner. There are many…

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What is a Virtual Machine (VM)?

A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that functions as a virtual computer system with its own instance of an operating system (like Linux or Windows) sitting on top of a piece of software called a Hypervisor that runs on the actual physical computer hardware (CPU, Memory, Disk, Network, etc.). One or more virtual…

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What is Nmap?

Nmap is an open-source networking utility (network scanner) used to discover IP addresses (hosts) and open ports on the network by sending packets and analyzing the responses. Nmap started as a Linux utility and was ported to other operating systems including Windows and macOS. Network engineers use Nmap for port scanning, ping sweeps, OS detection,…

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Bandwidth, Throughput and Delay in Computer Networks

Introduction In computer networks and digital communication systems, efficient data transmission between nodes is essential for maintaining optimal performance. Key concepts such as bandwidth, throughput, and delay (Round Trip Time – RTT) play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of data transfer. Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted…

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5 Best Computer Networking Books

In this article, we present the 5 best computer networking books. Written by leading experts, these books cover essential topics for students, professionals, and hobbyists seeking to understand computer networking. They provide the knowledge and skills necessary to work with real-world networks. 1.  Computer Networks – A. Tanenbaum, D. Wetherall Book is appropriate for Computer…