A programming language is a formal language that is used to write instructions that can be executed by a computer. These instructions, known as code, are written in a specific syntax that follows certain rules and conventions. This allows computers to understand and execute the instructions in a consistent and predictable manner. There are many…
The scientific method is a systematic process for conducting scientific research. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses through experiments, and analyzing the results. The goal of the scientific method is to collect unbiased, reliable, and reproducible data that can be used to develop theories and explanations of problems. The scientific method is an…
A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that functions as a virtual computer system with its own instance of an operating system (like Linux or Windows) sitting on top of a piece of software called a Hypervisor that runs on the actual physical computer hardware (CPU, Memory, Disk, Network, etc.). One or more virtual…
Nmap is an open-source networking utility (network scanner) used to discover IP addresses (hosts) and open ports on the network by sending packets and analyzing the responses. Nmap started as a Linux utility and was ported to other operating systems including Windows and macOS. Network engineers use Nmap for port scanning, ping sweeps, OS detection,…
What most people mean by a random number in everyday talking is that every number appears with equal probability, but let’s see scientific view on random numbers. Before you continue reading article, please pick the random (natural) number between 1 and 10 (1 and 10 included) and write it in the comments below. I am…
Introduction In computer networks and digital communication systems, efficient data transmission between nodes is essential for maintaining optimal performance. Key concepts such as bandwidth, throughput, and delay (Round Trip Time – RTT) play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of data transfer. Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted…
A network adapter is chipset on circuit boards that provides physical access from the PC to the LAN or Wi-Fi (WLAN) network. The network adapter is also known as Network Interface Card (NIC). If it provides access to wired LAN then UTP or fiber optic cable is used to connect PC to switch. If it’s…
In this article, we present the 5 best computer networking books. Written by leading experts, these books cover essential topics for students, professionals, and hobbyists seeking to understand computer networking. They provide the knowledge and skills necessary to work with real-world networks. 1. Computer Networks – A. Tanenbaum, D. Wetherall Book is appropriate for Computer…
Wi-Fi Calling or Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) is a functionality on smart devices that enables calls to be made over a Wi-Fi network, instead of using cellular network. If you have a Wi-Fi connection and you are in an area where voice service is unavailable you can use Wi-Fi calling to make voice calls. Wi-Fi…
The motherboard is a core component of a computer that serves to connect all other parts of the computer together. All parts (CPU, RAM, hard drives, graphic card, …) connect to the motherboard directly or via cable. The motherboard is also known as the mainboard, baseboard system board, … Well-known vendors include Gigabyte, Intel, MSI,…
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